00012英语(一)自考串讲资料(Unit 21)
Unit 21
Text A The Language of Uncertainty
第一段
1. Uncertainty spreads through our lives so thoroughly that it dominates our language.(第一句)
Spread(传播) through our lives thoroughly=在我们的生活中无处不在
不确定性在我们的生活中无所不在,以致它支配着我们的语言。
2. 第二句:is made up in large part of words
be made up of 构成;in large part 很大程度上
3. 第五行:“is likely to destroy forever the nation that wages it.”
Be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事;wage it(the war) 发动战争
4. 最后一句话:Lacking(现在分词作原因状语,用现分的原因是主语we能够发出lack的动作) any standard for estimating the probability, we are left with(放任) the judgment of the editorial writer.
因为我们缺乏任何估计这一可能性的标准,只好听任社论作者去做出判断了。
第二段
1. 第一句:Such verbal imprecision is not necessarily to be criticized.
Be necessarily to do sth. 做某件事情没有太大必要
句中采用了to be criticized是由于主语verbal imprecision(言辞的不精确性)无法发出criticize(批评)的动作。
这类言辞的不精确性并非一定要受到批评。
2. 第二句:allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
be out of the question 不可能;不能接受;be out of question 没问题
第三段
1. 最后一句:can not be reduced to sth./sb.
be reduced to 转化为
第四段
1. 第一句:pin down sth. 准确说明
2. 最后一句:compare sb./sth. with sb./sth. 拿某人或某事对比
第五段
1. First, we find that the number depends, of course, on the items involved.(过去分词作后置定语,表示涉及)
Depend on 依靠;依赖
当然,我们首先发现的是数目决定于涉及的事务。
2. 第三行:However, unrelated(不相关的) areas sometimes show parallel(相似、类似) values.
然而,同一个词在不相关的领域中有时量值相似。
3. 第五行:be certain to do sth. 一定做某事
4. 第六行:signify to sb. 对某人意味着
be likely to do sth. 很有可能做某事
第七段
1. 第一行:Thirdly, there is a marked (过分作定语,表示明显的)change with age.
数目随年龄显著变化
2. 第二行:The older the child, the fewer glass balls he will take. 越来越句型
年龄越大,取得玻璃球就越小。
3.P603页,上数第二行:in place of 替代
Text B It Never Rains but It Pours
第一段
1. 第二行:used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
请比较 be/get/become used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
2. 第五行:regard sth./sb. as 把什么看成
with no relevance to sb./sth. 与某人或某事没有联系
第二段
1. 第一句:Advice about how to live a healthy life is one example of the type of received wisdom which is condensed and passed on to the next generation in the form of proverbs.
介词about后面是动词不定式to作宾语,动词或介词后可以+特问词+to do sth.的用法。E.g. I don't know where to go.或what to say.
Received wisdom 公认的智慧
Pass on to 传与后代
In the form of 以某种形式
2. 第四行:There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
第三段
1. 第二行:Don't wash your dirty linen in public. 家丑不可外扬。
2. 第五行:It's no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
3. 最后一行:Make the best of a bad job. 亡羊补牢。
第四段
1. P615上数第三行:This proverb is based on(基于) an old English law dating back to(追溯到) the 17th century.
2. P615上数第六行:Hence the idea carried in the proverb that everyone should be allowed to make a mistake without being punished for it.
因此,格言包含的寓意是,应该允许任何人犯一次错而不受惩罚。
第五段
1. 第四行:be harmful to sb. 对某人有害
2. 第五行:Don't cause trouble when it(指trouble) can be avoided. 能避开时就别去惹麻烦。
第六段
1. 第一行:As Britain came into contact with(开始接触) other countries and cultures, English became enriched with(变得丰富多彩) the words and wisdom of different languages.
随着英国接触别的国家和文化,英语吸收了不同语言的词汇和智慧,因而变得丰富多彩。
2. 第五行:It(形式主语) is often easier to carry it through to the end(真正的主语) than to (不可省略,因为than前面与后面应该并列同等)stop halfway. (开始了某项危险的事业),坚持到底比半途而废要更容易。
第七段
1. 第一行:Some proverbs have been(完成时的使用是因为后面的时间状语为时间段) in the language for 1,000 years.
2. 第二行:The message here is that someone who stays with you and helps you in times of trouble, rather than(相当于一个介词,表示而不是) turning their back, is a true friend.
意思是在困难时帮助你,和你共患难而不是对你置之不理的人才是你真正的朋友。
第八段
1.第三行:remind sb. that+从句 提醒某人某事
3. P616. 上数第一行 If someone buys you lunch, they will expect a favor in return.(回报)
如果有人请你吃午饭,他会指望将来你给他回报。
第九段
1. 第一行:Some English people are reluctant to(不愿做某事) use proverbs in their everyday conversation because they see them as(把什么看作) vehicles(表现) of too much used wisdom(陈词滥调)。 有些英国人在日常谈话中不愿使用格言,因为他们把格言看成是陈词滥调的表现。
2. 第四行:written English 书面英语;spoken English 口头英语
homely 简明扼要的
commentary on sth. 点评某事
最后一行:be useful to sb. 对某人来说很有用